temper
temper 英 [ˈtempə(r)] 美 [ˈtɛmpɚ]
n. 脾气；（钢等）回火；性情；倾向 vt. 使回火；锻炼；调和；使缓和 vi. 回火；调和
进行时:tempering 过去式:tempered 过去分词:tempered 第三人称单数:tempers 名词复数:tempers
- Temper can refer to a tendency to become unreasonably angry. If you’re not sure whether you have a temper, ask your friends — but don’t get mad if you dislike what they have to say.
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- n. 脾气；（钢等）回火；性情；倾向
- vt. 使回火；锻炼；调和；使缓和
- vi. 回火；调和
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1. Age has chastened his violent temper.
年龄缓和了他的暴躁脾气。
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2. We should temper ourselves through manual labour.
我们应该通过劳动锻炼自己。
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3. She queered herself with all her schoolmates by her bad temper.
她的脾气不好，得罪了所有的同学。
- temper (n.) late 14c., "due proportion of elements or qualities," from temper (v.). The sense of "characteristic state of mind, inclination, disposition" is first recorded 1590s; that of "calm state of mind, tranquility" in c. 1600; and that of "angry state of mind" (for bad temper) in 1828. Meaning "degree of hardness and resiliency in steel" is from late 15c.
- temper (v.) late Old English temprian "to moderate, bring to a proper or suitable state, to modify some excessive quality, to restrain within due limits," from Latin temperare "observe proper measure, be moderate, restrain oneself," also transitive, "mix correctly, mix in due proportion; regulate, rule, govern, manage." This is often described as from Latin tempus "time, season" (see temporal), with a sense of "proper time or season." But as the root sense of tempus seems to be "stretch," the words in the "restrain, modify" sense might be from a semantic shift from "stretching" to "measuring" (compare temple (n.1)). Meaning "to make (steel) hard and elastic" is from late 14c. Sense of "tune the pitch of a musical instrument" is recorded from c. 1300. Related: Tempered; tempering.
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