if
if 英 [ɪf] 美 [ɪf]
conj. 如果；假如
I don't know if there are sharks there. 我不知那里是否有鲨鱼。
See if you can go with us. 考虑一下，看是否能和我们一起去。
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- conj. 如果；假如
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1. I don't know if there are sharks there.
我不知那里是否有鲨鱼。
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2. See if you can go with us.
考虑一下，看是否能和我们一起去。
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3. Do you know if he's married?
你知道他是否结婚了？
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4. If you see him, give him this note.
你要是见到他，就把这个便条给他。
if ★ / ɪf ; NAmE ɪf / conjunction , noun if ifs conjunction ★ 1 ★ used to say that one thing can, will or might happen or be true, depending on another thing happening or being true 如果；假若；倘若 ◆ If you see him, give him this note. 你要是见到他，就把这个便条给他。 ◆ I'll only stay if you offer me more money. 你给我更多的钱我才会留下。 ◆ If necessary I can come at once. 如果有必要，我可以马上来。 ◆ You can stay for the weekend if you like. 你如果愿意就留在这里过周末吧。 ◆ If anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home. 要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。 ◆ If he improved his IT skills, he'd (= he would)easily get a job. 他如果提高了自己的信息技术技能，就会容易找到工作。 ◆ You would know what was going on if you'd (= you had)listened. 你若是注意听了就会知道发生什么事了。 ◆ They would have been here by now if they'd caught the early train. 假若他们赶上了早班火车，现在就该到这里了。 ◆ If I was in charge, I'd do things differently. 假若由我负责，我不会这样办事的。 ◆ ( rather formal) If I were in charge… 假若由我负责… ◆ Even if (= although)you did see someone, you can't be sure it was him. 即使你确实看见有个人，也不能保证那就是他。 2 ★ when; whenever; every time 当；无论何时；每次 ◆ If metal gets hot it expands. 金属受热就膨胀。 ◆ She glares at me if I go near her desk. 我一走近她的办公桌，她就对我瞪眼。 3 ( formal) used with willor wouldto ask sb politely to do sth （与 will 或 would 连用，表示客气地请求） ◆ If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here. 请稍坐，我这就告诉经理说您来了。 ◆ If you would care to leave your name, we'll contact you as soon as possible. 麻烦您留下姓名，我们会尽快与您联系的。 4 ★ used after ask, know, find out, wonder,etc. to introduce one of two or more possibilities （用于 ask、know、find out、wonder 等之后，引出两个或以上的可能性之一）是否 SYN whether ◆ Do you know if he's married? 你知道他是否结婚了？ ◆ I wonder if I should wear a coat or not. 我不知道该不该穿外套。 ◆ He couldn't tell if she was laughing or crying. 他弄不清楚她是在笑还是在哭。 ◆ Listen to the tune and see if you can remember the words. 听听曲调，看你能否记起歌词。 5 ★ used after verbs or adjectives expressing feelings （用于表示情感的动词或形容词之后） ◆ I am sorry if I disturbed you. 很抱歉，打搅您了。 ◆ I'd be grateful if you would keep it a secret. 你如果能对此保密，我将不胜感激。 ◆ Do you mind if I turn the TV off? 我关上电视可以吗？ 6 ★ used to admit that sth is possible, but to say that it is not very important （承认某事可能，但不很重要）即使，虽然 ◆ If she has any weakness, it is her Italian. 如果要说她有什么缺点，那就是她的意大利语不大行。 ◆ So what ifhe was late. Who cares? 他就是迟到了又怎么样。谁在乎？ 7 used before an adjective to introduce a contrast （置于形容词之前，引出对比）虽然，尽管 ◆ He's a good driver, if a little over-confident. 他是个好司机，虽然有点过于自信。 ◆ We'll only do it once— if at all. 我们就是干也只会干一次。 8 ★ used to ask sb to listen to your opinion （请对方听自己的意见） ◆ If you ask me, she's too scared to do it. 依我看，她被吓得不敢做了。 ◆ If you think about it, those children must be at school by now. 想想吧，那些孩子现在一定在学校了。 ◆ If you remember, Mary was always fond of animals. 记得吧，玛丽总是喜欢动物。 9 used before could, mayor mightto suggest sth or to interrupt sb politely （置于 could、may 或 might 之前，以提出建议或客气地打断别人的话） ◆ If I may make a suggestion, perhaps we could begin a little earlier next week. 我来提个建议吧，或许我们下个星期可以早一点开始。 IDIOMS ˌif and ˈwhen used to say sth about an event that may or may not happen （谈及可能发生或不发生的事时说） ◆ If and when we ever meet again I hope he remembers what I did for him. 倘若我们再次见面，我希望他还记得我为他做的事。 if ˈanything used to express an opinion about sth, or after a negative statement to suggest that the opposite is true （表达看法，或用在否定句之后表示反面意见才对） ◆ I'd say he was more like his father, if anything. 依我看，如果一定要说他像谁的话，他比较像他的父亲。 ◆ She's not thin—if anything she's on the plump side. 她并不瘦，其实她还有点胖呢。 ★ if ˌI were ˈyou used to give sb advice （提出劝告时说） ◆ If I were you I'd start looking for another job. 我要是你，就会去另找工作了。 if ˈnot 1 ★ used to introduce a different suggestion, after a sentence with if （用在 if 引导的句子之后）不然，要不 ◆ I'll go if you're going. If not (= if you are not)I'd rather stay at home. 你去我就去。不然的话，我宁愿待在家里。 2 ★ used after a yes/noquestion to say what will or should happen if the answer is ‘no’ （用于 yes ╱ no 疑问句之后，表示如果答案是 no，将会或应该发生什么） ◆ Are you ready? If not, I'm going without you. 你准备好了吗？否则我就自己去了。 ◆ Do you want that cake? If not, I'll have it. 你要那块蛋糕吗？不然我就要了。 3 used to suggest that sth may be even larger, more important, etc. than was first stated （表示可能更大或更重要等） ◆ They cost thousands if not millions of pounds to build. 建设要耗费数千英镑，甚至可能是数百万英镑。 ★ if ˈonly used to say that you wish sth was true or that sth had happened 但愿 ◆ If only I were rich. 但愿我很富有。 ◆ If only I knew her name. 我要是知道她的名字就好了。 ◆ If only he'd remembered to send that letter. 要是他没忘记发那封信就好了。 ◆ If only I had gone by taxi. 我要是乘出租车去就好了。 it's not as if used to say that sth that is happening is surprising （表示所发生的事情令人惊讶） ◆ I'm surprised they've invited me to their wedding—it's not as if I know them well. 我很惊讶他们居然请我参加他们的婚礼，我跟他们似乎并不熟。 ˈonly if ( rather formal) used to state the only situation in which sth can happen 只有 ◆ Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room. 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。 ◆ Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees. 只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。 noun ( informal) a situation that is not certain 不确定的情况 ◆ If he wins—and it's a big if—he'll be the first Englishman to win for fifty years. 假设他赢了，不过这还是个很大的疑问，他将成为五十年以来第一个获胜的英国人。 ◆ There are still a lot of ifs and butsbefore everything's settled. 在一切得以解决之前还有很多不定因素。 GRAMMAR POINT 语法说明 if / whether ■ Both ifand whetherare used in reporting questions which expect ‘yes’ or ‘no’ as the answer *if 和 whether 均用于要求以 yes 或 no 作答的转述疑问句中： ◆ She asked if/whether I wanted a drink. 她问我要不要喝点什么。 although whethersounds more natural with particular verbs such as discuss, considerand decide.When a choice is offered between alternatives ifor whethercan be used. 不过 whether 与 discuss、consider 和 decide 等动词连用听起来更自然。提供选择时用 if 或 whether 均可： ◆ We didn’t know if/whether we should write or phone. 我们不知道是写信好还是打电话好。 In this last type of sentence, whetheris usually considered more formal and more suitable for written English. 在最后这一句型中，一般认为 whether 较正式，更适用于书面英语。 if / ɪf ; NAmE ɪf /
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