back
back 英 [bæk] 美 [bæk]
n. 后面；背部；靠背； v. 支持；后退； adv. 以前；向后地；
进行时:backing 过去式:backed 过去分词:backed 第三人称单数:backs 名词复数:backs
He stood with his back to the door. 他背对着门站着。
back pain 背痛
- Your back is your spine, or the rear part of your whole body. When you lie on the grass on your back, you can watch the clouds in the sky above you.
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- n. 后面；背部；靠背；
- v. 支持；后退；
- adv. 以前；向后地；
- adj. 后面的；过去的；
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1. He stood with his back to the door.
他背对着门站着。
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2. back pain
背痛
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3. a back massage
背部按摩
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4. A small boy rode on the elephant's back.
一个小男孩骑在大象背上。
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5. She broke her back in an accident.
她在一次事故中摔坏了脊柱。
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6. We could only get seats at the back (= of the room).
我们只能找到后排的座位。
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7. There's room for three people in the back.
后排的空间可容三人。
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8. Write your name on the back of the cheque.
把你的名字写在支票背面。
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9. We were sitting in the back row.
我们坐在后排。
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10. I stepped back to let them pass.
我退后一步给他们让路。
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11. Sit back and relax.
靠椅背坐好，放松放松。
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12. He'll be back on Monday.
他星期一会回来。
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13. If he kicks me, I'll kick him back.
他要是踢我，我就踢他。
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14. He backed against the wall, terrified.
他退到墙边，惊恐万分。
- back (adj.) "being behind, away from the front, in a backward direction," Middle English, from back (n.) and back (adv.); often difficult to distinguish from these when the word is used in combinations. Formerly with comparative backer (c. 1400), also backermore. To be on the back burner in the figurative sense is from 1960, from the image of a cook keeping a pot there to simmer while at work on another concoction at the front of the stove.
- back (adv.) "to or toward the rear or the original starting place; in the past; behind in position," literally or figuratively, late 14c., shortened from abak, from Old English on bæc "backwards, behind, aback" (see back (n.), and compare aback). Adverbial phrase back and forth attested from 1814.
- back (n.) Old English bæc "back," from Proto-Germanic *bakam (cognates: Old Saxon and Middle Dutch bak, Old Frisian bek), with no known connections outside Germanic. In other modern Germanic languages the cognates mostly have been ousted in this sense by words akin to Modern English ridge (such as Danish ryg, German Rücken).
- back (v.) mid-15c., "to keep something back, hinder," from back (adv.). Meaning "cause to move back" is from 1781. Intransitive sense "move or go back" is from late 15c. Meaning "furnish with a back or backing" is from 1728, from back (n.). Meaning "to support" (as by a bet) is attested from 1540s. Related: Backed; backing.
back ★ / bæk ; NAmE bæk / noun , adjective , adverb , verb back backs backed backing noun ★ part of body 身体部位 1 ★ the part of the human body that is on the opposite side to the chest, between the neck and the tops of the legs; the part of an animal's body that correspondsto this （人体或动物的）背部，背；腰背 ◆ Do you sleep on your back or your front? 你睡觉是仰着还是趴着？ ◆ He stood with his back to the door. 他背对着门站着。 ◆ They had their hands tied behind their backs. 他们双手被反剪起来。 ◆ back pain 背痛 ◆ a back massage 背部按摩 ◆ A small boy rode on the elephant's back. 一个小男孩骑在大象背上。 ☞ collocationsat physical ☞see also bareback , horseback 2 ★ the row of bones in the middle of the back 脊柱；脊梁骨 SYN backbone , spine ◆ She broke her back in a riding accident. 她在一次骑马事故中摔断了脊梁骨。 ◆ He put his back out (= dislocatedsth in his back) lifting the crates. 他搬大木箱时脊椎脱了臼。 part furthest from front 后部 3 ★ [usually singular ] back(of sth) the part or area of sth that is furthest from the front 后部；后面；末尾 ◆ We could only get seats at the back (= of the room). 我们只能找到后排的座位。 ◆ I found some old photos at the back of the drawer. 我从抽屉尽里头找到一些旧照片。 ◆ He was shot in the back of the knee. 他被子弹击中了腘窝。 ◆ The house has three bedrooms at the front and two at the back. 房屋正面有三间卧室，后面两间。 ◆ ( BrE) There's room for three people in the back. 后排的空间可容三人。 ◆ ( NAmE) There's room for three people in back (= of a car, etc.). 后排的空间可容三人。 ◆ ( BrE) If you'd like to come round the back (= to the area behind the house),I'll show you the garden. 请到屋子后面看看花园。 ☞see also hardback , paperback , short back and sides of piece of paper 纸张 4 ★ [usually singular ] back(of sth) the part of a piece of paper, etc. that is on the opposite side to the one that has information or the most important information on it （文件等的）背面 ◆ Write your name on the back of the cheque. 把你的名字写在支票背面。 of book 书刊 5 ★ [usually singular ] back(of sth) the last few pages of a book, etc. （书等的）最后几页，末尾 ◆ The television guide is at the back of the paper. 电视节目指南在报纸的末尾。 of chair 椅子 6 the part of a chair, etc. against which you lean your back （椅子等的）靠背 -backed 靠背… 7 ( in adjectives 构成形容词 ) used to describe furniture that has the type of backmentioned （家具）…靠背的 ◆ a high-backed sofa 高靠背沙发 in sport 体育运动 8 (in sports 体育运动 ) a player whose main role is to defend their team's goal 后卫 ☞compare forward n. ☞see also fullback , halfback IDIOMS at/in the back of your mind if a thought, etc. is at the back of your mind,you are aware of it but it is not what you are mainly thinking about 在潜意识里；依稀记得 the ˌback of beˈyond ( informal) a place that is a long way from other houses, towns, etc. 偏僻地方；边远地区 ˌback to ˈback 1 if two people stand back to back,they stand with their backsfacing or touching each other 背靠背；背对背 ☞see also back-to-back 2 if two or more things happen back to back,they happen one after the other 接连地；接二连三 ★ ˌback to ˈfront ( BrE) ( NAmE back·wards ) if you put on a piece of clothing back to front,you make a mistake and put the backwhere the front should be （衣服）前后颠倒（或穿反） ◆ I think you've got that sweater on back to front. 我觉得你把毛衣前后穿反了。 ☞compare inside out at inside n. be glad, etc. to see the back of sb/sth ( informal) ( especially BrE) to be happy that you will not have to deal with or see sb/sth again because you do not like them or it 庆幸终于摆脱（不喜欢的人或事物） ◆ Was I pleased to see the back of her! 真高兴不会再见到她了！ ★ behind sb's ˈback without sb's knowledge or permission 背着某人；背地里；私下 ◆ Have you been talking about me behind my back? 你们是不是在背后说我的闲话？ ◆ They went ahead and sold it behind my back. 他们迳自背着我把它卖了。 ☞compare to sb's face at face n. be on sb's ˈback ( informal) to keep asking or telling sb to do sth that they do not want to do, in a way that they find annoying 缠磨；烦扰 break the ˈback of sth to finish the largest or most important part of a task 完成（任务等的）主要部份 get/put sb's ˈback up ( informal) to annoy sb 惹恼 ◆ That sort of attitude really gets my back up! 那种态度实在叫我恼火！ get off sb's ˈback ( informal) to stop annoying sb, for example by criticizing them, or asking them to do sth 不再烦扰某人（如停止批评或缠磨等） ◆ Just get off my back, will you! 请别烦我了好吗！ have (got) sb's ˈback ( NAmE) ( informal) to protect and support sb 保护，支持（某人） ◆ Don't worry, I've got your back. 别担心，我支持你。 have your ˌback to the ˈwall ( informal) to be in a difficult situation in which you are forced to do sth but are unable to make the choices that you would like 处于背水一战的境地；没有退路 off the ˌback of a ˈlorry ( BrE) ( informal, humorous) goods that fell off the back of a lorrywere probably stolen. People say or accept that they came ‘ off the back of a lorry ’to avoid saying or asking where they really came from. （指货物等）来路不明 on the back of sth as a result of an achievement or a success 由于（某项成就） ◆ The profits growth came on the back of a 26 per cent rise in sales. 利润增长来自 26% 的销售额增长。 (flat) on your back ( informal) in bed because you are ill/sick 因病卧床；卧病 ◆ She's been flat on her back for over a week now. 她卧病有一个多星期了。 ◆ ( figurative) The UK market was flat on its back (= business was very bad). （当时）英国的市场十分不景气。 put your ˈback into sth to use a lot of effort and energy on a particular task 全力以赴 ★ turn your back to turn so that you are facing in the opposite direction 扭头；转身 turn your back on sb/sth 1 ★ to move so that you are standing or sitting with your backfacing sb/sth 转身背对某人（或某物） ◆ When on stage, try not to turn your back on the audience. 在舞台上尽量不要背对观众。 2 ★ to reject sb/sth that you have previously been connected with 背弃；抛弃 ◆ She turned her back on them when they needed her. 他们需要她的时候，她却背弃了他们。 ☞more at cover v. , eye n. , know v. , pat n. , pat v. , push v. , rod , scratch v. , shirt , stab n. , stab v. , straw , water n. adjective ★ [only before noun ] away from front 在后 1 ★ located behind or at the back of sth 背后的；后面的；后部的 ◆ We were sitting in the back row. 我们坐在后排。 ◆ back teeth 臼齿 ◆ a back room (= one at the back of a building) 后室（位于建筑物后部） ◆ the back page of a newspaper 报纸最末一页 ☞compare front adj. (1 ) from past 过去 2 of or from a past time 过去的；旧时的 ◆ a back number of the magazine 一份过期杂志 owed 拖欠 3 owed for a time in the past 到期未付的；拖欠的 ◆ back pay/taxes/rent 欠薪╱税╱租金 phonetics 语音 4 ( phonetics 语音 ) (of a vowel 元音 ) produced with the back of the tongue in a higher position than the front, for example /ɑː / in English 舌后的，后位性的（舌高点位于口腔后部发音） ☞compare central5 () , front adj.2 () IDIOM on the back ˈburner ( informal) (of an idea, a plan, etc. 主意、计划等 ) left for the present time, to be done or considered later 暂时搁置 ☞compare on the front burner at front adj. ☞see also back-burner adverb ★ HELP For the special uses of backin phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example pay sb backis in the phrasal verb section at pay. *back 在短语动词中的特殊用法见有关动词词条。如 pay sb back 在词条 pay 的短语动词部份。 away from front 后面 1 ★ away from the front or centre; behind you 向后；在后；在背面 ◆ I stepped back to let them pass. 我退后一步给他们让路。 ◆ Sit back and relax. 靠椅背坐好，放松放松。 ◆ You've combed your hair back. 你把头发往后梳了。 ◆ He turned and looked back. 他转身向后望。 ◆ She fell back towards the end of the race. 赛跑快结束时她落后了。 OPP forward at a distance 距离 2 ★ at a distance away from sth 与（某物）有距离 ◆ The barriers kept the crowd back. 障碍物拦住了人群。 ◆ Stand back and give me some room. 站远点儿，给我腾出些地方。 under control 受控制 3 ★ under control; prevented from being expressed or coming out 控制住；忍住 ◆ He could no longer hold back his tears. 他再也无法控制住眼泪。 as before 像先前 4 ★ to or into the place, condition, situation or activity where sb/sth was before 回原处；恢复原状 ◆ Put the book back on the shelf. 把书放回书架上。 ◆ Please give me my ball back. 请把我的球还给我。 ◆ He'll be back on Monday. 他星期一会回来。 ◆ It takes me an hour to walk there and back. 我步行往返要花一个小时。 ◆ Could you go back to the beginning of the story? 你能不能回到故事的开头？ ◆ She woke up briefly and then went back to sleep. 她醒了片刻又睡了。 ◆ We were right back where we started,only this time without any money. 我们回到了起点，只是这次一点钱也没有。 in past 过去 5 ★ in or into the past; ago 以前 ◆ The village has a history going back to the Middle Ages. 这个村子的历史可追溯至中世纪。 ◆ She left back inNovember. 她十一月已经离开了。 ◆ That was a few years back. 那是几年以前的事。 at a previous place 在原处 6 ★ at a place previously left or mentioned 在曾去过（或提到过）的地方；在前面 ◆ We should have turned left five kilometres back. 我们在五公里之前就该左拐的。 ◆ Back at home, her parents were worried. 在家中，她的父母很担心。 ◆ I can't wait to get back home. 我急不可待想赶回家。 in return 回应 7 ★ in return or reply 回报；回答 ◆ If he kicks me, I'll kick him back. 他要是踢我，我就踢他。 ◆ Could you call back later, please? 请稍后再打电话来好吗？ IDIOMS ★ ˌback and ˈforth from one place to another and back again repeatedly 反复来回 ◆ ferries sailing back and forth between the islands 往返于岛与岛之间的渡船 ˌback in the ˈday in the past 过去；从前；旧时 ◆ My dad's always talking about how great everything was back in the day. 我爸爸总是讲过去的一切如何如何的好。 back of sth ( NAmE) ( informal) behind sth 在某物的背后（或背面） ◆ the houses back of the church 位于教堂后面的房屋 ☞more at earth n. , square n. verb ★ move backwards 后退 1 ★ [intransitive , transitive ] to move or make sth move backwards （使）后退，倒退 + adv./prep. ◆ He backed against the wall, terrified. 他退到墙边，惊恐万分。 backsth + adv./prep. ◆ If you can't drive in forwards, try backing it in. 若不能开车正面驶入，不妨倒车进去。 ☞compare reverse v.6 () support 支持 2 ★ [transitive ] backsb/sth to give help or support to sb/sth 帮助；支持 ◆ Her parents backed her in her choice of career. 她父母支持她的职业选择。 ◆ Doctors have backed plans to raise the tax on cigarettes. 医生们对提高烟草税计划给予了支持。 ◆ The programme of economic reform is backed (= given financial support)by foreign aid. 经济改革计划得到外资援助。 ◆ a United Nations-backed peace plan 得到联合国支持的和平计划 bet money 下赌注 3 [transitive ] backsth to bet money on a horse in a race, a team in a competition, etc. 下赌注于（赛马、参赛队伍等） ◆ I backed the winner and won fifty pounds. 我押对了赌注，赢了五十英镑。 music 音乐 4 [transitive ] backsth to play or sing music that supports the main singer or instrument 伴奏；伴唱 ☞see also backing3 () cover back 覆盖背面 5 [transitive ] backsth (with sth) [usually passive ] to cover the back of sth in order to support or protect it （用某物）在…背后加固，给…加背衬 be behind 在后面 6 [transitive , usually passive ] backsth ( BrE) to be located behind sth 位于（某物）的后面；在…后面 ◆ The house is backed by fields. 房子的后面是田野。 IDIOM ˌback the wrong ˈhorse ( BrE) to support sb/sth that is not successful 下错赌注（支持了失败的一方或事情） PHRASAL VERBS ˌback aˈway (from sb/sth) to move away backwards from sb/sth that is frightening or unpleasant; to avoid doing sth that is unpleasant 躲避（可怕或讨厌的人或事物）；避免（做讨厌的事）；退避 ˌback ˈdown (on/from sth) ( NAmE also ˌback ˈoff ) to take back a demand, an opinion, etc. that other people are strongly opposed to; to admit defeat 放弃（别人强烈反对的要求、主张等）；认输 ◆ She refused to back down on a point of principle. 她在一个原则问题上拒绝让步。 ˌback ˈoff 1 to move backwards in order to get away from sb/sth frightening or unpleasant 退缩，退却（以躲避可怕或讨厌的人或事物） ◆ As the riot police approached, the crowd backed off. 随着防暴警察逼近，人群往后退却了。 2 to stop threatening, criticizing or annoying sb 停止威胁（或批评、骚扰） ◆ Back off! There's no need to yell at me. 走开点！没必要对我大喊大叫。 ◆ The press have agreed to back off and leave the couple alone. 新闻界同意退让，不再搅扰这对夫妇。 ˌback ˈoff (from sth) to choose not to take action, in order to avoid a difficult situation 放弃（采取行动）；退让 ◆ The government backed off from a confrontation. 政府放弃对抗。 ˌback ˈonto sth ( BrE) (of a building 建筑物 ) to have sth directly behind it 背向；背靠 ◆ Our house backs onto the river. 我们的房子背向河流。 ˌback ˈout (of sth) to decide that you are no longer going to take part in sth that has been agreed 退出；撒手 ◆ He lost confidence and backed out of the deal at the last minute. 他失去了信心，在最后一刻退出了协议。 ˌback ˈup | ˌback sth↔ˈup to move backwards, especially in a vehicle 后退；倒（车） ◆ You can back up another two feet or so. 你可以再退两英尺左右。 ◆ I backed the car up to the door. 我把车倒到门前。 ˌback sb/sth↔ˈup 1 ★ to support sb/sth; to say that what sb says, etc. is true 支持；证实（某人所言） ◆ I'll back you up if they don't believe you. 如果他们不相信你，我会为你作证。 ◆ The writer doesn't back up his opinions with examples. 作者不用实例印证他的看法。 2 ★ to provide support for sb/sth 支持；支援 ◆ two doctors backed up by a team of nurses 由一组护士辅助的两名医生 ◆ The rebels backed up their demands with threats. 反叛者以恐吓手段要挟。 ☞related noun backup1 () ˌback sth↔ˈup ( computing 计 ) to prepare a second copy of a file, program, etc. that can be used if the main one fails or needs extra support 给（文件、程序等）做备份；备份 ☞related noun backup2 () WHICH WORD? 词语辨析 at the back / at the rear / behind ■ At the backand at the rearhave a similar meaning, but at the rearis used more in formal or official language. *at the back 和 at the rear 意义相近，但 at the rear 多用于正式或官方语言： ◆ What’s that at the back of the fridge? 冰箱尽里头那东西是什么？ ◆ Smoking is only allowed at the rear of the aircraft. 只有飞机后舱允许抽烟。 It is more usual to talk about the back doorof a house but the rear exitof an aircraft or public building. If something is behindsomething else it is near to the back of it but not part of it. 指房子的后门较常用 back door，但飞机或公共建筑的后门较常用 rear exit。behind 指在后面，但不是其中的部份。 Compare 比较： ◆ Our room was at the back of the hotel. 我们的房间在旅馆靠后面的地方。 and 和 ◆ There’s a lovely wood just behind our hotel. 在我们旅馆的后面就有一片美丽的树林。 back / bæk ; NAmE bæk /
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